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The third
edition of WH&EE is an exciting upgrade to the series editions, and I hope
the text will prove more useful and reach a larger audience (beyond the
already large online response to the first two editions). The second edition
was preoccupied with the extension of the eonic model into the realm of
Kantian discourse, after the discovery just after the appearance of the first
edition of the close connection of the eonic model to the issues of the
classic antinomies of Kant.
In fact, the eonic model turned out to be a
rediscovery of so-called 'transcendental idealism', a considerable coup, but
the many complexities of that subject began to overwhelm in my mind the
basically simple depiction of the eonic effect in terms of its basic matrix of
periodization and empirical exploration. Thus the material on Kantian
has been both expanded, and yet displaced to a high crag overlooking the book,
allowing us to proceed with the basics of the eonic effect directly with or
without theory. Kant is a difficult thinker, but all that is necessary for
subject, to start, is a consideration of his famous Third Antinomy. The result
is an elegant and powerful insight into historical dynamics.
It is important to consider that the model also
provides a critique of the Kantian philosophy of history, as it ends up 'more
Kantian than Kant for that very reason. The point is brought home in the
material on Kant's Challenge. The issue of so-called 'asocial sociability' is
dealt with, and bypassed, and the broader framework of the eonic effect
provides the essence of a new philosophy of history along Kantian lines, that
is, a way to transcend/harmonize the causal analysis of a science of history,
much to be wished for, and the idea of freedom, that is, the 'dialectic' of
freedom and necessity that haunts all efforts to grapple with historical
evolution.
In many ways the study of the eonic effect is
about the nature of theories, and their paradoxical immersion in history
itself, and one of the purposes of the eonic model is to produce a new kind of
theory that reflects this fact. On the way we consider what we called the
Oedipus Paradox, the way in which a universal generalization, or theory,
applied to all times provokes a paradox in the action of the theorist/observer
himself. We can show how this misuse of theories is responsible for the legacy
of Social Darwinism in Darwin's work.
The third edition brings in the issue of
punctuated equilibrium, an idea that might have been present from the
beginning, save for the possible confusions bound to arise from Darwinian
claims on the idea. The eonic effect gives a striking image of the idea, if we
take the words 'punctuation' and 'equilibrium' as if from the dictionary, with
a fresh usage, rather than from the crippled debates on that among
biologists.
The text is now arranged so that it can be used
an outline study of world history, and proceeds from analysis to periodization
chronicle, ending in the careful look at the roots of modernity, and its
post-transition outcome. I hope someone might consider it that way, and try to
teach a course on world history using this approach. There is an integration
of material at many levels, from science, to philosophy, to religion that can
be helpful in sorting our the provincialism and ideology that inevitably
undermine histories of the whole of Civilization.
In the meantime, the eonic outline makes for a
good project of self-study on both the issue of history and of evolution.
Claiming to see 'evolution' in history is at first paradoxical, but with a
careful foundation in the eonic model the notion seems less counter-intuitive,
in fact, downright intuitive, once the operation of two levels is seen for
what it is. The eonic model recalibrates the idea of 'evolution', which isn't
owned by geneticists, and takes its definition from a generalized idea of an
'evolution of freedom'.
The result is a definite falsification of
Darwin on the descent of man, and the claims of writers such as Dennett to
explain free will via an adaptationist argument seem quite off the mark once
we are done.
The eonic model is haunted by issues of
ideology, and yet transcends them by, first, closing down its discussion
promptly at the end of the eonic sequence, the issue of 1848+, etc, and by the
way it summons up many contradictions, each requiring our equal attention. It
is disconcerting to find ideological issues braided with issues of evolution,
but the model is clever in that way, and you won't get away with any abuse of
the potential there. The result, I hope, can help to put the question of
globalization (and Eurocentrism) in perspective.
The eonic model might at first seem strange, and yet its basics are
rock-solid, for the simple reason that we are pointing to empirically simple
entities, and then examining their periodization. We don't have to make exotic
metaphysical claims to proceed. Some readers have been thrown off by the issue
of historical cycles, but the method is clear, and empirical, and the data
speaks for itself. The result is not a myth of cycles, but an expose of such,
one that proceeds by asking a question, and posing a frequency hypothesis.
That hypothesis not really needed for our conclusions, and can be kept to one
side.
The overall result can be the framework for something greatly needed, a way
to understand universal history for an age of science, in a way that doesn't
get entangled in distracting supernaturalism or religious mythology. In that
sense the Old Testament is given a thorough X-ray, even as we recreate the
genre of universal history for our own times. The alternative has been the
frozen scientism of Darwinists trying to pontificate on culture, and
inexorably challenged by fundamentalists who know enough to know something is
wrong with Darwinian histories. The Kantian framework allows us to proceed
with an account of modernity, and a secular theme of universal history, that
doesn't founder in the metaphysics of religious histories.
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